Process of welding



D P. KELLOGG A. P. NEFF, W. A. ROGERS AND F. COWAN.

PROCESS OF WELDING. APPLICATtON FILED 001.25. 1915 1,327,098, PatentedJan. 5, 1920.

In 0 an f0 rs,- flaw'e/ L E/ 0y Arm, 1? JVe/fi MIL/0211A .Fayera,JFK/211K o an UNITED, STATES PATENT ormon inmmnr. KELLOGG, Anrnrm r.Nnrr, WILLIAM nnoenns, AND FRANK cownn-or I LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

, To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, DANIEL P. KnLLoec ARTHUR P. NEFT,/WILLIAM A. Rooms,and FRANK COWAN, citizens of the United States, residing at Los Angeles,in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have inventednewand useful Improvements in Processes of Welding, of which the followinis a specification.

his invention relates to a process of welding and particularly pertainsto a method of forming a body of a hard metal havlng a 'high fusionpoint, on a body of a softer metal having a lower fusion point and whichprocess or method is especially applicable in surfacing a ferrous metal01,'1I0I1 with a ferrous alloy of extreme hardness such as steel. Theinvention also M method of forming tools aving cutting edges formed ofone metal and backed up by another metal and to the method of forminsame. v The method heretofore employed in forming a ferrous body havinga backing of soft metal and a facing of hard metal consisted in firstheating the surface of the harder metal to a Welding heat and applying aquantity of melted softer metal thereto to obtain a surface of thesofter metal, and.

then joining a body ofthe softer metal to the soft metal surface bywelding in the ordinary manner; This method is considered objectionablein that it is difiicult to obtain a thorough intermingling of hard andsoft ferrous metals at" their -point of juncture and furthermoreinvolves considerable tlll'lB' and skill which renders expensive.

It is the object of this invention to provide a process in which theharder metal may be applied to the surface of the softer' metal andbuilt up thereon to form a thin coating or a body ofsubstantialthickness, as occasion requires, andwhlch can be rapidlyeffected by persons skilled in exy-acetylene and similar weldinoperations, and which insures a thoroug intermixture of the differentmetals at their pointof-juncture.

Another objectis to provide a method of forming tools with working orcutting edges of high speed steel or other extremely hard metal, backedup with a softer tenacious metal, thus producing a tool of high cuttingquality combined with strength and thereby providing a tool which issuperior to tools v Specification of Letters Patent.

ertains to the 3 metal. I

formed entirely of high speed or high car- I I :Patented Jan. 6, 1920.Application filed 0ctober'25, 1915. Serial No. 57,767.

bon steel which are brittle andliable to fracture when subjected toheavy strains, and

superior to tools ,formed'entirely of softer metal which, whileresisting strains,

rapidly wear away on the r cutting edges.

Other objectsfwill appear hereinafter. 1 i

The manner of carrying out the present 7 method or process isillustrated companying drawings in which;

Figure 1 is a View showing how the harder metal is applied to the softermetal by means of the oXy-acetylene torch,

1n the ac Flg, 2 is a view illustratinga'step in the,

process wherein the harder metal is fused and deposlteddrop by drop upona fused surface.

Fig. 4 's a detail in sectionillustrating' the softer metal as facedwith a body ofthe harder metal by the present welding process.

Fig. 5 is .a detail in section illustrating the metal body as drawn,hammered or rolled to shape to finish the welded surface of the Fig. 6'is a view ,illustrating the metal bodyformed by this process as employedin the construction of'a cutting tool. v

.The present process may be employed wherever it is desired to form alayer of a hard metal such asan alloy steel, containing tungsten,nickel, chromium, manganese, mo-

lybdenum, carbon, vanadium, etc., or other alloys or combinations ofalloys usually. en?

teringinto the. composition of the commercially known high speed or airhardening steels, upon a body of a softer metal such Fig. 3 illustratesanother step in the'process showing how the fused metals are pud- 7 5 aswrought iron or low carbon steel. It is more'especially adapted for use,however, in coating one or more sides or tipping the cutting e planertools, punches, taps, drills, reamers, etc., and is hereillustrated asemployed in hrlelgons'tructionof cutting tools.

carrying out the present process or method, a bar 7, or other body, ofthe softer metal is heated to a glowing temperature in furnace fromwhence it is withdrawn and excessive ()XlClS removed from the surface toges of various tools, such as lathe and any desired manner as in asuitable fire or a part to or near its welding heat preferably by .meansof the flame of an oxy-acetylene burner 8. 'A-narrow bar 9 of the hardermetal is then heated in the flame of the '5 torch 8 to afusing-temperaturewhich is .con-

- .siderably hi her than the fusing temperature of the ar 7, and themoltenharder (metal isapplied to the heated surface of I 1 the softermetal drop by drop, as shown in Fig. 2,-and flowed thereon, asillustrated in Fig. 3'; the high temperature of the harder metaltransmittin its heat to the already highly'heated sur ace of the bar 7so that complete fusion and union of the two metals takes place,-theoperation-being assisted by the flame of the burner.

, The bar 9 is manipulated during the weld- 'ing operationand isemployed in puddling oragitatingtli'e fused metalto insure'a thor--'ough mixture at the point of juncture of the two metals and to insurethe added metal flowing'from-the bar 9-being built up in a f solid wall.The harder metal is maintained at its fused and melting temperature bythe flaine ofthe torch and'is flowed on to, the softer metal in a moltenstate; the welding temperaturebeing continued untila fused harder metalupon the surfaceoflits ack weld or'union occurs'g the lower strata ofthe metal "cooling and solidlfynig slowly while the upper strata arebein' applied. A

. coating or body 10 of the bar er metalmay thus be formed on the softerbase, as.illus-,

trated in Fig. n4,.to any desiredv degree of thickness tofform' anextremely hard work- 3 5.- ing surface upon a" softernon-brittle backo yv v will-be seen that thesurfaceor facing .of the harder metal is builtup ininterminy led layers or strata by melting and flow-i 10" mg theharder metal; thebuilt up facing 10' 7 thus being distinguished fromjointed suredges of hi h found that '51 [faces or bodies. y

"The body, or coating 10 ofthe harder metal will project from the face'of the body "e5 '7 of the softer metal and will be embedded thereinwith the particles of the harder ,I'netal combined and united with theparticlesof thesofter metal at their point. of juncture, as illustratedin Fig. 4, forming an integral mass. The body 7 with its built upsurface 10 may then be drawn, rolled,

-- hammered, or otherwise treated while heated and formed into finishedshape, as illustrated in Fig. 5. The harder metal 10 may then be shapedand dressed to form a tool,

as shown in Fig. 6, having a cutting edge 11; -the harder metal formingthe cutting. edge portion of the tool and the softer metal .formmg abacking therefor. By this method, high grade tools having extremely hardcutting edges backed up by strong 'tenacious'shanks may be constructedat com- I "'paratively small cost. -A superior tool is thus producedi-nthat the body portionof fifi' the tool which is subjected to greatstrains lies in the fact that a softer metal, :by rea- The invention isfurthermore of great value inasmuch as avery small quantity of highspeed steel is. required to form a tool, thus economizing theconsumption of this high priced and valuable metal. As old tools formedof high speed steel and the like can be utilized by this process inbuilding up cutting or working edges on softer and cheaper metals, thesupply of the former metal may be conserved, and by reason of ,the smallquantity of the expensive high speed steel used in each tool, a toolhaving the advantages and qualities of high priced tools can bemanufactured at small cost.

- While the process has been illustrated and described as employing anoxy-acetylene 'torch, it is manifest that any other suitable 'means forfusing the harden metal may be used as occasion requires, for example,any

- other gas flame of sufficiently high tempera 90. 1

ture .and clear of impurities,- and'any'other mechanical step resortedto in flowm' the but hammering or other'means of'compression is not. obect1onable.

If desired, the process may be'employed' in applying the high speedsteel to a metal of comparatively the same hardnesssuch as high carbonsteel, as in tipping the cutting carbon steel tools,- as it is eliiglr'aspeed steel applied by this process, fuses at ahighertemperature than the carbon steel ancFtherefore" does'not overheatas-readily as the latter. Aparticular advantage derived b constructingthe tool with a soft steelpor IIOIl body portion and a hard steeltip'orcutting edge.

son of its greater conductivity, will assist in the radiation of theheat enerated in. the hard metal cutting edge w en the tool is inoperation. I

What we claim is; v

1. The. process of applyin a. .facin' of a hard metal to a body of soite'r meta cons'isting'in heating-the surface of the softer j metal to.or near its welding. point and fusing the harder metal and applying itdropby drop to the softer'metal to build up a body of the harder metalthereon- 2. The process of forming a facing of hard metal upon thesurface of a body of softer metal, consistingin heating the surface ofthe softer metal to or near its Welding point, fusin the harder metal,depositing it upon the heated surface of the softer metal and agitatingthe deposited metal While maintaining it at its point of fusion.

3. The process of forming a coating of high speed steel upon the surfaceof a softer metal, consisting in heating the surface of the softer metalto or near its fusion point, heating the high speed steel to its fusionpoint, which is higher than the fusion point of the softer metal, andapplying the fused high speed steel drop by drop to the surface of thesofter metal and maintaining the high speed steel thus applied atsubstantially the point of fusion while additional metal is applied tobuild up a solid body of high speed steel on the softer metal.

4. The method of forming a tool with a cutting edge of high speed steeland a body of softer metal, consisting in heating the surface of thesofter metal to or near its point of fusion, heating the high speedsteel to its point of fusion, applying the fused steel to the heatedsurface of the softer metal drop by drop to build up a deposited body ofthe steel on the softer metal, and thereafter shaping the tool to formthe cutting edge thereof in the body of the high speed steel.

The process of forming a body of hard metal fusible at a hi h degree oftemperature on a body of softer metal fusing at a lower point oftemperature, consisting in heating the surface of the softer metalnearly to its point of fusion, melting the harder metal, depositing itdrop by drop on the vheated surface of the softer metal, spreading themolten harder metal While adding more of the molten harder metal tobuild up a solid body of the harder metal on the body of the softermetal.

6. The process of forming a facing of high speed steel on a body of asofter metal,

consisting in heating the surface of the softer metal to near its fusionpoint, fusing the high speed steel in the presence of an oxy-acetyleneflame and depositing the fused high speed steel on the heated surface ofthe softer metal while subjecting the deposited metal and the surface ofthe softer metal to the action of the oxy-acetylene flame to maintainthe same at substantially the point of fusion While additional metal isapplied to build up a body of high speed steel on the body of softermetal.

7. The process of forming a body of hard metal fusible at a high degreeof temperature on a body of softer metal fusing. at a lower point oftemperature, consisting in heating the softer metal nearly to a point offusion apart from the harder metal,

melting the hardermetal, depositing the harder metal drop by drop on theheated surface of the softer metal so as to increase the temperaturethereof to is point of fusion. 8. The method of uniting a facing of highspeed tool steel to a body of softer, ferrous metal, Which consists inheating the surface of said body to fusion by means of a hightemperature gas flame, bringing the high speed steel into said flamewhile directed against said surface, and melting the high speed steeland applying it little by little to said body to gradually build up afacing of the high speed steel thereon.

9. The method of uniting a facing of high speed tool steel to a body ofsofter ferrous metal which consists in heating the surface of said bodyto fusion by means of a high temperature gas flame, bringing the highspeed steel into said flame While directed against said surface, andmelting the high speed steel and applying it little by little to saidbody and puddling the added metal with the fused metal-ofthe surface towhich it is applied.

In testimony whereof We have signed our names to this specification.

DANIEL P. KELLOGG. ARTHUR P. NEFF.

WILLIAM A. ROGERS. FRANK COWAN.

